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The image presents a comparative graphical depiction of water runoff in forested and urban settings. Both sections of the graph start with precipitation elements at the top. In the forested section, arrows point downward showing "Infiltration" through a "Permeable topsoil" and "Less permeable subsoil on rock" leading to "Water table" and then "Baseflow" with lateral arrows indicating "Evaporation" and "Transpiration" at the tree level, and "Runoff" at surface level. In contrast, the urban section arrows point towards "Reduced transpiration" and "Reduced evaporation" at the building level, with a significant arrow marked "Increased runoff" with side annotation "polluted" leading to "Increased erosion" with a consequential decrease in "Infiltration" and "Baseflow" compared to the forested section. There are no numerical data points or percentages provided.
Given the complexity of the image, the above description may not be entirely accurate.
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The two diagrams illustrate the water cycle in a forest environment compared with a built-up human settlement.
In each diagram, there are six stages, starting with rainfall and culminating in runoff. Overall, the rainfall in the two areas remains the same, yet city areas show significantly less water re-entering the atmosphere and permeating the ground compared to areas of countryside.
Above ground, it can be seen that a greater proportion of the water evaporates from the ground and from the foliage in wooded areas than it does in cities. By contrast, proportionally more water goes over the surface in urban areas, becoming dirty or polluted as it flows through the settlement. While the level of erosion is not displayed in the forested area diagram, this phenomenon increases in cities.
Below the ground in forests, a significant amount of water soaks through the topsoil and subsoil, whereas less water infiltrates the subsoil in populated regions and this leads to a reduction in the baseflow. The water table is noticeably higher beneath forested areas than it is beneath cities.
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