The diagram illustrates how electricity is generated from a water dam using hydroelectricity, which is why people generally refer to it as a hydroelectric dam.
Overall, in this process, water is the main source of electricity generation. As we can see in the diagram, the water from the reservoir travels through a penstock. The penstock is located under the dam and serves as the conduit for water to flow towards the turbine.
Furthermore, the water exerts a significant amount of pressure, which causes the turbine to rotate. Once this process is complete, one end of the turbine is connected to the generator, which generates power in the powerhouse.
In addition to this, the powerhouse converts the power generated by the generator into electricity, which then travels along long-distance power lines. These power lines deliver electricity to cities. This entire process is facilitated by the water dam. The scientific name for water is ‘hydro,’ which is the reason this process is called a hydroelectric dam.