The diagram shows the basic principles of generation of electricity by a hydroelectric dam.
A dam has to be created and connected to a powerhouse. A large reservoir is constructed for the intake and storage of water. The turbines are connected to a generator and the powerhouse is the place where electricity is finally generated.
Firstly, the water collected in the reservoir is forced to flow through an intake. It is allowed to flow through a narrow chamber called the penstock. The restricted space for the circulation of water in the penstock creates high pressure. The water flowing with high pressure hits the turbines which are connected to a generator. The movement of the turbine is essentially converted to electricity via the generator attached above in the powerhouse. The powerhouse is well connected with cables that transmits the electricity generated to long distance power lines. In parallel, the water is released back into the river after it hits the turbine, via a sleek channel.
It is worth noting that no waste products are released by the process of hydroelectricity and the process overall is eco-friendly.
