Band 6+: The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes.

The diagrams illustrate how cement is produced by a range of equipments, and its contribution in concrete-making process.

There are four main stages in the process of making cement, beginning with handling limestone and clay and ending in packing them into bags. Cement then is used to manufature concrete for building purposes.

At the beginning of cement-making procedure, limestone and clay are crushed together to make them convert to powder, which then is mixed. Following, mixed powder is passed onto rotating heater. After being heated, the powder is grinded and then becomes cement. Finally, cement is packed into bags, and ready to delivery to users.

Cement, along with three other materials are used to create concrete, which is then applied in building. Specifically, gravel, sand, cement and water are mixed with exact proportions – 50%, 25%, 15% and 10%, respectively. They are put into a concrete mixer to make them turn into concrete.