Band 9: The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes.

The two pictures depict the steps and equipment involved in the creation of cement and how cement is utilized to manufacture concrete for buildings.

Overall, it can be understood that the two main components in the manufacturing of cement are limestone and clay. Subsequently, the production of concrete involves meticulous proportions of different components, including cement to be mixed together.

To begin with, limestone in small pieces and clay are passed through a crusher to form a powder. This powder is then fed into a mixer. The mixture so produced is then subjected to heat in a rotating heater module. This outputs a paste-like substance onto a conveyor belt, which is then moved into a grinder that produces cement. The cement is finally packed into large bags.

Secondly, gravel, which are small stones, accounts for half of the components involved in the making of concrete. The other components are sand, cement, and water at 25%, 15%, and 10% respectively. All of these constituents are combined together in the concrete mixer to produce concrete.