The line graph illustrates changes in the population size, birth rate, and death rate of England and Wales from 1700 to 2000.
Overall, the graph reveals a significant population growth in England and Wales from the 19th century onwards, with a notable decline in the death rate and fluctuation in the birth rate, particularly after 1950.
At the commencement of the 18th century, the population stood at a modest 3 million, witnessing a rapid increase to over 10 million within 50 years. Subsequently, a sharp decrease ensued, bringing the population back down to approximately 3 million by the dawn of the 19th century. Thereafter, a pronounced and consistent population surge occurred, culminating in a peak of 50 million by the turn of the millennium.
In terms of birth rate, initially recorded at 30 per 1000 people in 1700, it ascended to 40 by 1750. Conversely, the death rate, commencing at nearly 38 in 1700, mirrored this rise, eventually dropping to slightly above 20 in 1950. Following fluctuations in preceding decades, the birth rate sharply ascended post-1950, reaching a pinnacle of 34 by 2000, while the death rate stabilized around 20.