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The image displays a line graph representing population in millions from 1800 to 2010 for five countries. The vertical axis, Population (millions), scales from 0 to 1,600, while the horizontal axis indicates years in 10-year increments. The approximate data points for each country are: China (in millions) 1800:320, 1810:350, 1820:380, 1830:400, 1840:410, 1850:410, 1860:380, 1870:360, 1880:370, 1890:380, 1900:400, 1910:420, 1920:470, 1930:500, 1940:520, 1950:560, 1960:650, 1970:820, 1980:980, 1990:1150, 2000:1280, 2010:1420; India (in millions) 1800:160, 1810:170, 1820:175, 1830:180, 1840:190, 1850:200, 1860:210, 1870:220, 1880:230, 1890:240, 1900:250, 1910:260, 1920:270, 1930:300, 1940:350, 1950:400, 1960:500, 1970:600, 1980:750, 1990:920, 2000:1100, 2010:1350; United States (in millions) 1800:5, 1810:7, 1820:10, 1830:13, 1840:17, 1850:23, 1860:31, 1870:40, 1880:50, 1890:63, 1900:76, 1910:92, 1920:106, 1930:123, 1940:132, 1950:151, 1960:179, 1970:203, 1980:227, 1990:250, 2000:282, 2010:310; Indonesia (in millions) 1800:10, 1810:12, 1820:15, 1830:18, 1840:22, 1850:26, 1860:30, 1870:35, 1880:40, 1890:45, 1900:50, 1910:55, 1920:60, 1930:65, 1940:70, 1950:80, 1960:95, 1970:120, 1980:150, 1990:180, 2000:210, 2010:240; Brazil (in millions) 1800:3, 1810:4, 1820:5, 1830:6, 1840:7, 1850:8, 1860:9, 1870:10, 1880:12, 1890:15, 1900:18, 1910:22, 1920:27, 1930:34, 1940:41, 1950:54, 1960:72, 1970:96, 1980:121, 1990:150, 2000:175, 2010:200.
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The line graph compares population changes in five countries – China, India, the United States, Indonesia, and Brazil – over a 220-year period between 1800 and 2020.
Overall, all five countries experienced population growth throughout the period, but the increases in China and India were far more rapid and substantial than in the other three countries, particularly from the mid-20th century onwards.
In 1800, China had the largest population at just over 300 million, while India’s population stood at around 180 million. Both countries saw relatively modest growth during the 19th century, reaching approximately 400 million and 300 million respectively by around 1900. However, after 1950, their populations surged dramatically, with China climbing to about 1.44 billion and India rising to roughly 1.38 billion by 2020, making them by far the most populous nations on the graph.
By contrast, population growth in the United States, Indonesia, and Brazil followed a slower and steadier pattern. The US population began to rise more noticeably after 1860, increasing from around 50 million to about 130 million by 1940, before accelerating to slightly over 300 million by 2020. Meanwhile, both Indonesia and Brazil remained below 100 million until around 1960, after which their populations expanded rapidly to approximately 280 million and 210 million respectively by the end of the period.
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