The given map and line graph illustrate how the city of Alexandria expand geographically alongside the population growth from 1840 to 1980.
Overall, both the physical size of the city and the number of inhabitants grew significantly over the period of 140 years, with a particularly dramatic increase in the second half of the twentieth century.
In 1840, the city was very small, covering only four square kilometers located near the Mediterranean Sea. By 1900, the city has expanded slightly around its original center. However, much larger development happened in 1960, when the urban area stretched out widely to the east and west along the coast and towards Lake Marriout. Finally, by 1980, the total area reached 100 square kilometers, forming a long strip hugging the coastline.
Turning to the line chart, it shows the population starting at a very low point in 1840, with less than half a million people. For the next few decades, the number of inhabitants was increased slowly. After 1940, the growth became much more steep. The population exceeded 2 million around 1960 and finally climbed sharply to reach over 3 million people by 1980, which correlates directly with the rapid territorial expansion shown on the map.