The diagram illustrates the design, construction and usage of a modern landfill for community waste. From an overall perspective, it is clear that the process consists of three main phases, namely construction, usage and closure.
To begin with, a man-made hole is excavated deep into the natural rock layer. After that, the surface of the hole is covered with a thick layer of clay. This is followed by the addition of a synthetic lining to provide extra protection. Moreover, a cylindrical space is formed at the bottom of the hole in order to install a drainage tank, and a set of drainage pipes is placed above the synthetic lining.
During the usage stage, the landfill is filled with household waste. As the waste builds up, liquid waste is drained through the pipes and stored in the drainage tank. After the landfill is full, it is sealed with a layer of clay, and a pipe is inserted to allow gases produced by the waste to escape.