The diagrams illustrate three different bridges: an arch bridge, a concrete girder bridge and a suspension bridge. Overall, each of the three types of bridges has its peculiar design and differs in length, height, depending on the location.
An integral arch bridge is a monolithic, semicircular structure situated between two abutments. This type of bridge is the smallest of the three types; it is typically less than than 200 meters in width and no taller than 100 meters at its highest point. It is usually constructed over lakes and suitable for small-size vessels only.
When it comes to the concrete girder bridge, it is a long deck supported by girders – strong beams, serving as the main horizontal support. The deck is supported by a series of piers positioned no more than 200 meters apart. Their wider bases help distribute the weight of the structure over a larger area of soil, enhancing stability and mitigating the effects of wind on the bridge. On top each pier is a cap that provides enough seating for the bridge girders and disperses the loads from the bearings placed on them to the piers. Such bridges have a potential to extend by adding piers and can be constructed up to 300 meters above the riverbed, allowing for medium-size ships.
Finally, the suspension bridge, the most advanced in design, is an upside-down arch with the traffic-carrying deck supported by a series of wire ropes that hang from massive cables draped between tall towers – piers in compression. The piers are anchored to underwater bedrock and are spaced 400 to 2000 meters apart. The deck is suspended above the deep sea and supported by these cables, ensuring a sturdy and efficient structure. This type of bridge is constructed over deep sea waters and suitable for large-size ships to pass underneath, including cargoes.