The diagrams compare three types of bridge designs: arch bridges, concrete girder bridges, and suspension bridges. Overall, each structure is tailored to different environments and transportation needs, with suspension bridges being the most extensive and capable of supporting the heaviest traffic, while arch bridges are the most limited in size and function.
The arch bridge is typically built over lakes and features a simple semi-circular shape without any supporting piers. It has a maximum span of around 200 meters and a clearance height of no more than 100 meters, which allows only small ships to pass underneath.
In contrast, the concrete girder bridge is constructed over rivers and is supported by a series of piers. While each span between piers can be no longer than 200 meters, and the height above water is restricted to a maximum of 300 meters, the total length of the bridge is theoretically unlimited, depending on how many piers are used. This type of bridge can accommodate medium-sized ships and road traffic.
The suspension bridge, on the other hand, is the most robust and suitable for spanning large, deep bodies of water such as seas. It consists of two main piers and is supported by suspender cables, allowing a span of between 400 and 2000 meters. With its considerable clearance, this structure is designed to handle large ships and heavy loads.