An increasing number of citizens is now a severe issue in many countries, which leads governments to promote relocation to countryside areas. While encouraging people to move to underpopulated places has several drawbacks, its benefits, such as economic development and reduction in pollution, outweigh its disadvantages.
One of the most essential merits of directing people to move to rural areas is its contribution to pollution problems, as the number of cars and other transportation in overcrowded streets of big cities release a huge quantity of hazardous gases into the air. Transferring some businesses and residents to less populated places will empty the roads in the city, or at least decrease the number of vehicles, diminishing both noise and air pollution. To illustrate, after relocation of most of Baku’s citizens, who moved here 30 years ago back to Karabakh, reduced duration of peak traffic hours in the city is observed. Furthermore, urging city locals to live and work in rural regions can lead to pivotal enhancement of economy. With freshly built workplaces and businesses, unemployment rate in countryside areas will decline, which will elevate the economy of the whole nation. In addition, this trend will help to minimize the number of unemployed graduates, as smaller places in the country will require new employees. For example, the government of Turkey holds an examination for the teachers of the whole nation and designate them to work in different regions of the country.
On the other hand, relocating local citizens of cities to unpopulated areas can cause adaptation problems. Natives of rural places have unusual moral values due to lack of education, which can seem quite unreasonable to citizens of cities and make it challenging for them to get used to living in those areas. Thus, problems in integration of newcomers and locals of countryside can reduce the productivity of both sides, resulting in even more complex issues than before, such as social tensions. For instance, when Russia forced citizens of cities move to far parts of the country to increase agricultural development in the last century, it caused social conflicts between native population and newcomers.
In conclusion, although there are some demerits of encouraging citizens of cities to move to rural places, the benefits clearly outweigh them in the long term.