The line graph illustrates the percentage of smartphone ownership across various income brackets in Indonesia from 2018 to 2023.
Overall, the data indicates a notable upward trend in smartphone ownership across all income categories during the specified period, with the most substantial increase observed within the lower-middle income group.
In detail, the high-income households, defined as those earning more than 50 million IDR per year, began with a smartphone ownership rate of 87% in 2018, which steadily increased to 98% by 2023. This represents a gradual yet consistent rise of 11 percentage points over the five-year span. The middle-income group (20 to 50 million IDR per year) similarly exhibited growth, commencing at 75% in 2018 and achieving 90% ownership by 2023, a total increase of 15 percentage points. In comparison, the lower-middle income cohort, earning between 10 to 20 million IDR per year, started at 54% ownership, culminating at 69% in 2023, marking a 15-percentage-point enhancement as well.
Conversely, the low-income households, those earning less than 10 million IDR annually, demonstrated the most pronounced relative growth in smartphone ownership, escalating from 26% in 2018 to 52% in 2023. This equates to a remarkable increase of 26 percentage points, indicating a significant upward trajectory in accessibility to technology for this income bracket. Notably, while all groups displayed an overall trend of increasing ownership, the lower-middle income stratification exhibited a growth rate that paralleled that of the middle-income bracket, highlighting an emerging convergence as smartphone ownership becomes more ubiquitous in Indonesia.