The diagram presents the operational sequence of a geothermal power plant, which converts geothermal heat from beneath the Earth’s surface into electrical power.
Overall, the system functions as a closed-loop thermodynamic cycle consisting of five stages, beginning with the injection of cold water into subsurface rocks and ending with the generation of electricity.
Initially, cold water is injected through a well reaching approximately 4.5 kilometres underground into a geothermal reservoir composed of permeable hot rocks. As it circulates through this region, heat conduction raises its temperature until it becomes pressurised hot water. The heated fluid is then extracted via a production well and conveyed upward to the surface.
Subsequently, the heated fluid releases steam, which is directed into a turbine. The rotation of the turbine converts thermal energy into mechanical motion that drives a synchronous generator to produce electricity. The remaining steam passes through a condenser where it is cooled, transformed back into water, and reinjected into the underground reservoir, maintaining a continuous and sustainable geothermal cycle.