Process Diagram

Band 7+: The diagram below shows the leather making processSummarise the information by selecting and reporting themain features, and make comparisons where relevant.

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Image for topic: The diagram below shows the leather making processSummarise the information by selecting and reporting themain features, and make comparisons where relevant.

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The image outlines the leather making process beginning with 1. Delivery of animal skin from farm, moving to 2. Sorting into small or large, followed by 3. Trimming, 4. Adding salt, 5. Curing for 30 days, 6. Soaking with water for 12-24 hours, 7. Removing hair using knife, 8. Pickling with acid, 9. Tanning with chemicals for 48 hours transitioning to 10. Colouring and softening aided by oil, 11. Drying, culminating in 12. Waxing.

Given the complexity of the image, the above description may not be entirely accurate.

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The diagram illustrates the various stages involved in manufacturing leather.

Overall, the process consists of twelve main stages. It begins with delivered leather and ends with waxing leather.

To begin with, animal skins are delivered from farm to factory. When animal skins are sorted into small and large sizes, they are trimmed by human labour to cut unnecessary parts . After animal skins are added salt on the surface, the skins are cured for 30 days. Subsequently the leather is soaked in water for between 12 and 24 hours.

Following these stages, the hair is removed from the animal skins using a knife. Once the skins are pickled with salt and acid on the barrier, they are tanned with chemicals for 45 hours. After being colouring and softening with colour and oil, leather is dried by using a machine. Finally, the leather is waxed in order to complete the product.

Word Count: 150

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Overall Band Score

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Vocabulary Complexity:
B2 - Upper Intermediate
Opt for even more advanced words when appropriate.

Grammar Mistakes: N/A

Vocabulary Repetition:

skins: 6

leather: 4

animal: 4

stages: 3

Try using synonyms for the above words

Task Response

The report effectively addresses the task by providing a clear overview and describing the main stages of the leather making process in a logical sequence. The structure is coherent, with appropriate use of sequencing language. Minor inaccuracies, such as the duration of tanning (stated as 45 hours instead of 48) and the phrase 'pickled with salt and acid on the barrier', do not detract from the overall clarity and completeness. To improve, ensure precise data and terminology are used, and consider adding a brief comparison or grouping of stages (e.g., pre-treatment, chemical treatment, finishing) to enhance the analytical aspect.

Coherence & Cohesion

The report is logically organized and follows the sequence of the process clearly. The use of linking words such as 'To begin with', 'Following these stages', and 'Finally' helps the reader follow the steps. However, some transitions are abrupt (e.g., 'When animal skins are sorted... they are trimmed') and could be smoother. The paragraphing is adequate but could be improved by grouping stages more effectively, for example, separating the initial preparation from the chemical treatment and finishing stages.

Lexical Resource

The vocabulary used is appropriate for the task, with terms like 'delivered', 'sorted', 'trimmed', 'cured', 'soaked', 'pickled', 'tanned', 'colouring', 'softening', 'dried', and 'waxed' accurately describing the process. There is some repetition of 'animal skins' and 'leather', which could be varied with synonyms like 'hides' or 'material'. The phrase 'on the barrier' is unclear and should be replaced with a more precise term. Overall, the lexical range is good but not fully sophisticated.

Grammatical Range & Accuracy

The report uses a mix of simple and complex sentences, including passive voice, which is appropriate for a process description. However, there are several grammatical errors and awkward phrasings that affect clarity. For example, 'After animal skins are added salt on the surface' should be 'After salt is added to the surface of the animal skins'. Also, 'After being colouring and softening' should be 'After being coloured and softened'. The phrase 'for 45 hours' contradicts the given information (48 hours), but this is a content issue. Punctuation is mostly correct, but the errors reduce the overall accuracy.

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