The diagram illustrates the nine stages involved in producing and recycling paper, beginning with the felling of trees and ending with a recycling loop.
Overall, the paper production process follows a linear sequence from steps 1 to 7, after which used newspapers enter a recycling cycle in steps 8 to 10 that feeds back into the production line.
The production process begins with the felling of trees, which are then debarked to produce drums of raw wood. This wood is subsequently fed into a chipper machine, where it is broken down into wood chippings. The chippings are then processed through a refiner to produce pulp, which undergoes pressing and rolling before being formed into paper rolls. Finally, the rolls are used in a printing machine to produce newspapers.
Once newspapers have been used and collected (step 8), the recycling process begins. The ink is first removed from the collected papers, after which the material undergoes re-pulping in step 10. This recycled pulp is then reintroduced into the production cycle at the pressing stage, completing the loop