Band 7+: The chart below shows how much money five big pharmaceutical companies spent on research in 2012 and 2018 and gives an estimate of the amounts spent in 2022. Describe the data providing an overview of the general trends, reporting the main features, and making comparisons.

The bar chart illustrates the amount of money five major(large) drug companies spent on research in 2012, 2018 and 2022. We can see from the data that, in general, there was a growing tendency among the pharmaceutical corporations to spend more money on research over the period given.

Overall, Fleming, Biopharm and Avicenna witnessed a steady climb over the years in the spending money on research, whereas Novas showed an initial increase.

In terms of Novas, research spending stood at over 4 billion dollars in 2012. It peaked in 2022 at under 60 billion dollars.

On the other hand, money, that Fleming spent on researching, was just over 5 billion dollars in 2012 and then rose almost six-fold over the years to peak at just over 30 billion dollars in 2022. Biopharm also saw a significant rise in research spending, starting at over 1 billion dollars and ending at just over 20 billion dollars. Almost the same thing happened with Avicenna. Lastly, Pharm saw a much lower growth rase, only doubling over the period to reach over 24 billion dollars.