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The image details two soap production processes. Method from '1,000 years ago': stored animal fat is combined with added plant ashes, then mixed and heated. The 'nowadays' method: begins with 'splitting', where molten fat and water at 130°C yield fatty acid and glycerin; followed by 'mixing' the fatty acid with alkali; then 'cooling' the mixture in a mould; proceeding to 'milling', where perfume is added and the substance passes through rollers; and concluding with 'finishing', which involves stamping and wrapping.
Given the complexity of the image, the above description may not be entirely accurate.
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The given diagrams compare the methods to produce soap in the past and present time. Overall, there were only three steps to manufacture a soap while nowadays it require five steps to produce it. The key difference is the use of machinery and lengthy process.
In 1000 years ago, firstly animal fats were stored and preserved over the time, after which plant ashes were added. With this, it was mixed and heated in a pot to produce soaps.
However, in present time fats are molted to extract fatty acid and glycerin by boing it at 130 degrees. After splitting process, fatty acid is mixed with alkali and moulted in shaping containers to let it cool. It is then rolled over with adding perfume at the same time before stamping and wrapping it as a finishing process.
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