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The image details two soap production processes. Method from '1,000 years ago': stored animal fat is combined with added plant ashes, then mixed and heated. The 'nowadays' method: begins with 'splitting', where molten fat and water at 130°C yield fatty acid and glycerin; followed by 'mixing' the fatty acid with alkali; then 'cooling' the mixture in a mould; proceeding to 'milling', where perfume is added and the substance passes through rollers; and concluding with 'finishing', which involves stamping and wrapping.
Given the complexity of the image, the above description may not be entirely accurate.
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The diagram shows the main phases of soap production in the past and present. Overall, the production in the past has only three simple steps and nowadays they have 5 steps using technical machine.
In 1000 years ago, by having animal fat stored and plant ashes added and mixing while the mixture was heated, it’s simply became soap.
However, now making soap takes longer steps and ingredients. First, u will need molten fat, water at 130 celcius, fatty acid, and glycerin to be stored in one machine and mix it with fatty acid. After that pour the soap mixture into the mould. Then split, mix, cool, and mill it. Finally the finishing part stamp and wrap the soap and roll while adding some perfume.
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