The diagram illustrates the formation of a supervolcano and the stages involved in this process.
Overall, the formation of a supervolcano occurs in several stages, beginning with the accumulation of magma beneath the Earth’s surface and ending with a major eruption that results in a large land depression. Throughout the process, three main layers are involved: the mantle, the crust, and the surface.
In the initial stage, magma collects in a magma chamber located within the mantle and gradually moves upward towards the crust. As the pressure inside the chamber increases, fissures begin to form in the crust, allowing magma to rise closer to the surface.
In the subsequent stage, the accumulated pressure causes a violent eruption, during which lava and ash are released through the surface. This eruption significantly reduces the volume of magma within the chamber. As a result, the land above collapses, forming a large depression on the surface, which marks the final stage in the formation of a supervolcano.