The diagrams illustrate how supervolcanoes are formed , and their phases .
Overall, the formation of supervolcanoes involves four stages. The main reason for supervolcano formation is the rise of magma caused by pressure .
To begin with, the Earth contains magma in its center. In some areas, the surface has small fissures. There is a mantle just above the magma, and the crust lies under the surface. As pressure increases significantly at the crust , it results in a larger magma chamber, and fissures are created on the surface.
In the next stage, smoke and lava come out of the surface , and the surface experiences an eruption . This happens because magma rises drastically in the magma chamber and flows through the fissures to escape. Lastly, once smoke and lava are released , the surface fills the gap left by the lava. Consequently, it creates a dent on the surface and results in land depression. This happens because the magma chamber shrinks in size due to the eruption.
