The diagram represents the procedure by which sugar is manufactured from sugarcane. All in all, this process comprises two general stages: the physical part, including farming and harvesting crops, and the chemical part, consisting of processing the juice and syrup to create sugar.
Firstly, we are presented with the longest stage in the entire process, which is growing sugarcane, taking from 12 to 18 months to fully mature. Secondly, the crops are harvested by either a mechanical system or by hand, which is much more labor-intensive. Meanwhile, the remaining steps are performed completely mechanically. The harvested sugarcane is crushed in a crushing machine, resulting in the collection of juice.
The juice is then purified via a limestone filter before being cooked in a furnace to evaporate the liquid part and convert it into syrup. The obtained syrup is then spun at a sufficiently high speed in a centrifuge machine, helping to extract the sugar crystals from the syrup. Ultimately, these sugar crystals are dried and cooled, becoming ready-to-use as the final product: sugar