The diagram illustrates how sugar is produced from sugar cane. Overall, the production of sugar involves seven consecutive steps, which can be divided into three main stages: preparation of sugar cane, followed by the extraction and purification of juice, and lastly the conversion of syrup into sugar.
The process begins with the cultivation of sugar cane, which takes 12 to 18 months. Once ripe, the crop is harvested either by a tractor or by hand.
In the second stage, the collected cane is crushed in a machine to extract its juice. The liquid is then passed through a limestone filter to remove dirt and other impurities.
The process continues with the purified juice being heated in an evaporator until it becomes syrup. Subsequently, this syrup is placed in a centrifuge, where crystals are separated from the remaining liquid. Finally, the crystals are dried and cooled, producing sugar ready for consumption.