The diagram illustrates the construction, use, and closure of a modern landfill designed for household waste.
Initially, a man-made hole is excavated in natural rock. The base and sides of the hole are then lined with a synthetic layer to prevent leakage. Drainage pipes are installed above the lining, which connect to a drainage tank, and clay is added around the edges to reinforce containment.
During the operational phase, household waste is transported to the site and deposited into the landfill. As waste accumulates, liquid generated from decomposition is collected through the drainage system and stored in the drainage tank to prevent contamination of the surrounding soil.
Finally, when the landfill reaches capacity, it is closed. A clay cover is placed over the waste to seal it, and a pipe is installed to allow gases generated from the decomposing waste to escape safely. This design ensures environmental safety and efficient waste management.