Some people argue that companies and private individuals, rather than governments, should be held accountable for the pollution they create by paying for the clean-up expenses. I partly agree with this view, though I also believe that governments play an essential role.
On the one hand, it is understandable to expect businesses and individuals to take responsibility for the waste they produce by covering the cost of the clean-up. Many companies generate pollution as a result of manufacturing, transportation (cars, trucks, cargo ships), and immense energy use. If they are required to pay for the damage they create, they will focus their attention on reducing emissions, adopting cleaner manufacturing methods, or improving their waste management. Similarly, individuals who also contribute to pollution by driving internal-combustion-engine cars excessively or disposing of waste irresponsibly should take some responsibility as well.
This approach follows the polluter pays principle. In other words, those who pollute should face the consequences of their actions, which is fair and encourages both companies and individuals to be more sustainable and eco-friendly.
On the other hand, governments must not run away from their responsibilities. Firstly, some types of pollution, such as air pollution or garbage in rivers, are too large-scale for companies to handle alone. Governments have the funds, authority, and political power needed to organise nationwide clean-up work and to change environmental regulations for the greater good. Secondly, the public benefits from environmental protection. Everybody wants to breathe fresh air and swim in clean water, so it is appropriate for governments to use public tax revenue to organise large-scale environmental protection programmes.
In conclusion, while companies and individuals should be held accountable for the damage they cause, governments should also take responsibility and lead large-scale environmental protection efforts. A balanced approach combining both sides works best in my opinion.