The diagram illustrates how pulp and paper are produced. The process starts with raw materials, namely logs from trees and purchased wood chips, which undergo a series of chemical and mechanical processes in order to produce paper.
In the first stage, logs from trees are chipped by a chipper. Afterwards, the wood chips together with the purchased chips are fed into a digester to extract the pulp. Following this stage, the pulp goes through a refining process as well as a two-stage cleaning process, namely washing and screening, in order to improve the purity of the pulp produced.
In the second stage, the cleaned pulp serves as the main material for producing both rough paper and refined paper. For rough paper, the pulp is first shaped in a pulp former and then dried using pulp dryers. It is subsequently wound into a pulp reel before being cut by a pulp cutter. Finally, the finished product is packed into paper bales, which are later used as material for making paper boxes.
Meanwhile, to produce refined paper for printing, the pulp undergoes additional cleaning using pulp cleaners. After that, it is dried again and then pressed using both pulp presses and paper presses. Subsequently, the paper is dried once more before being rolled into large paper rolls as the final product.