Band 9: The diagrams below show the process of preparing raw materials for ceramic tiles, and the steps involved in manufacturing them. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The diagram illustrates the process of manufacturing ceramic tiles, from the preparation of raw materials to the final product.

Overall, it is a linear process consisting of two main stages, beginning with the preparation of raw materials and ending with the production of finished tiles.

At the beginning of the process, clay and water are mixed together in a mixer and grinder to produce a wet mixture. This mixture is then sent to a filter press, where the extra water is removed. After that, the material is dried in a spray dryer and turned into powder. Finally, the powder is pressed into shape using a tile press.

In the next stage, the shaped tiles are placed in a drying chamber, where they are dried at a temperature of between 100°C and 200°C for one to three days. They are then covered with a coating using a glazing machine. After that, the tiles are heated in a kiln at a much higher temperature, ranging from 1000°C to 1250°C, for 20 to 30 minutes. Finally, the finished tiles are produced and ready for use.