The diagram illustrates the various stages involved in transforming sugarcane into refined sugar that is ready for consumption. Overall, the process consists of nine main stages, beginning with the harvesting of sugarcanes and ending with the production of consumable sugar. The procedure involves both mechanical and chemical steps such as crushing, purification, and crystallization.
In the first stage, sugarcanes are harvested, which in than mechanically crushed, soak and are squeezed to extract the juice and seperate it from the plant material. The extracted juice undergoes the process of boiling untill the syrup becomes thick and crystallise. After that, the crystals are spun in a centrifuge to remove the liquid and produce raw sugar.
In the fifth step, raw sugar is transported to a refinery to make it pure, after which the raw sugar is melted, filtered to remove remaining impurities and colour is added to produce sugar syrup. The sugar is than crystallised from the sugar syrup. In the final stages, the sugar crystals are dried, resulting in refined sugar that is packed and ready for human consumption.