The diagram displays the steps of manufacturing sugar from sugar cane. Overall, the process consists of seven distinct stages, beginning with the cultivation of sugar canes in the field and culminating in the drying and cooling of the final sugar product. The manufacturing process can be divided into two main phases: the agricultural stage and the industrial factory stage.
To begin with, sugar canes are grown in the field for a period of 12 to 18 months. Once they are mature, the canes are harvested either manually by farmers or mechanically using large machinery. After harvesting, the next step is crushing, where the stalks are processed through a grinder to extract the juice.
In the second phase at the factory, the extracted juice undergoes a purification process using a limestone filter. Following this, the purified liquid is poured into an evaporator, where it is heated until it thickens and becomes syrup. The next stage involves a centrifuge, a machine that spins rapidly to separate the solid sugar crystals from the remaining liquid syrup. Finally, these sugar crystals are dried and cooled in a large container before they are ready for packaging and consumption.