The process diagram illustrates how chocolate is produced, while the pie chart shows the distribution of costs associated with a chocolate bar.
From the diagram, it can be observed that chocolate production involves three main processes, along with two by-products. Meanwhile, the cost of ingredients and overhead accounts for the largest portion of the total costs, whereas farmers receive the smallest percentage.
According to the diagram, the production of chocolate begins with grinding cocoa beans into a liquid form, producing cocoa liquor, which is one of the by-products. The next step involves compressing the cocoa liquor to create cocoa powder, another by-product of the process. This cocoa powder is used in the food industry. Meanwhile, during the pressing process, cocoa butter is extracted. In the following step, sugar and other essential ingredients are added, resulting in the creation of chocolate bars.
Simultaneously, the pie chart indicates that the cost of ingredients and overhead accounts for the largest portion of a chocolate bar’s price, totaling 37%. In contrast, farmers receive a mere 4%, the lowest of all stakeholders. A similar proportion is observed for chocolate companies and taxes, which account for 10% and 15%, respectively. Finally, supermarkets capture 34% of the price of a chocolate bar, making them the second-largest recipients.