Intelligence is what distinguished man from other species. While some believe that intellectual abilities are inborn, others argue that intelligence can improve via studying.
One side of the debate has it that, every human being is born with cognitive capacities, such as the capacity to critically think, analyse, and calculate. Science has called it intellectual quotient, that is, the basic level of intellectual capabilities someone is born with. Einstein, for instance, was well-known for his high intellectual quotient, which has won for him deep admiration worldwide.
On the other hand, studying can help improve intellectual faculties. It is widely held that the brain is a lazy organ, and inscribing information in the short and long term memories requires some degree of repetition. Educators in the domain of academia call it spaced repetition—a technique that entails a series of revisions of previously studied nôtres at specific intervals of time. Consequently, learning regularly allows people to improve and consolidate their memory, with a multiplier effect on intellectual quotient. As an example, evidence suggests that students who perform excellently at school are those who, on a regular basis, engage in intellectual activities that stimulate the intellect, such as frequent reading, spaced repetition practices, and brain teaser games or activities.
In my opinion, inspire of the fact that intelligence ha innate, because genetically predetermined, it can improve through consistent learning efforts. Not only does the latter enable people to consolidate their memories, but also has a multiplier impact on intelligence, because knowledge builds upon previous knowledge.